Author(s)
Year
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Title of article
nano-additive(s)
Main results
S. Ghosh et al.
96
2007
improvement of thermal characteristics of refractory castable by
addition of gel-route spinel nanoparticles
spinel
Castable-containing spinel with excess alumina powder was found
to have the best combination of bulk density, apparent porosity, and hot
modulus of rupture
S. Otroj et al. 97
2008
behavior of alumina-spinel self-flowing castables with
Nano-alumina particles addition
alumina
By use of 1.5
wt.% Nano-alumina contents in the castable composition, the alumina-spinel
self-flowing castable with adequate working time and very high mechanical
strength can be obtained
W. Zhanmin et al.
98
2008
effect of
Nano-Al2O3 addition on the properties of Al2O3-SiC-C
castables
alumina
slag penetration resistance is enhanced by 1.0%nano-Al2O3
addition
M. Amin et al. 100
2009
the effect of nano-sized carbon black on the physical an
thermo-mechanical properties of Al2O3–SiC–SiO2–C
composite
carbon black
Nano-sized carbon black addition improved the relative heat
resistance and oxidation resistance of composites
G. Mingliang et al. 101
2009
effect of
nano-calcium carbonate addition on properties of corundum castable
calcium
carbonate
after thermal
treatment at 1000, 1500 and 1600 ?,the apparent
porosity increases gradually while the bulk density, CCS and MOR decrease
simultaneously
S. Badiee et al. 102
2009
non-cement refractory castables containing nano-silica:
performance, microstructure, properties
silica
By increasing
of firing temperature up to 1000°C, porosity and pore sizes of castable tend
to decrease.
S. Otroj et al. 104
2010
the effect of nano-size additives on the electrical conductivity
of matrix suspension and properties of self-flowing low-cement high alumina
refractory castables
The best self-flow, sufficient working time and adequate
mechanical strength in the castables are obtained with 0.08 wt. % FS 20
S.Otroj et al. 106
2011
microstructure and phase evolution of alumina–spinel self-flow in
refractory castables containing nano-alumina particles
alumina
As a result of using nanometer-sized alumina particles with high
surface area, the solid phase sintering of the nano-sized particles and CA6
formation can occur at lower temperatures
Table 1, Published papers in monolithic refractories field
by application of nanotechnology (since 2007 -2018)
S. Badiee et al. 109
2011
effect of nano-titania addition on
the properties of high-alumina low-cement self-flowing refractory castables
titania
With increase
of nano-titania particles in castable composition, the self-flow value and
working time tend to decrease.
H. Yaghoubi et al. 110
2012
influence of nano silica on properties and microstructure of high
alumina ultra-low cement refractory castables
silica
It’s concluded that the castables
containing the optimum amount of silica sol shows remarkable increase in both
castable fluidity and mechanical
strength in dried and sintered state
L. Zhigang et al. 111
2012
effect of
nano calcium carbonate on properties of corundum-spinel castables
calcium
carbonate
after treating at 800-1 400 ?; adding nano calcium carbonate obviously improves the thermal
shock resistance of the castables, and has little influence on corrosion
resistance to high basicity slag.
N.M .Khalil et al. 112
2012
improvement of
mullite and magnesia-based refractory castables through addition of
nano-spinel powder
spinel
The castable sample mix containing 10 wt.% nano-MA spinel powder was
chosen as an optimum composition according to its good sintering, mechanical
as well as refractory properties
S. Mukhopadhyay et
al. 115
2012
nanostructured cementitious sol gel coating on graphite for
application in monolithic refractory composites
Green bulk density of castable cubes has been determined to
corroborate the better performance of the graphite coated with calcium
aluminate
E.Y. Sako et
al. 116
2012
how effective is the addition of nanoscaled particles to
alumina–magnesia refractory castables
Alumina
magnesia
Although the addition of a nanoalumina and nanomagnesia mixture
ensured the best results regarding to the expansive behavior,
thermo-mechanical and thermo-chemical properties, its performance was only
slightly superior to the castable containing micrometric alumina and magnesia
particles
C. Gogtas et al. 118
2012
Development of Nano-ZrO2 reinforced self-flowing low
and ultra low cement refractory castables
Zirconia
Nano-ZrO2 improves the flexural strength by 20% but it
does not have an important effect on the KIC.
S. Mukhopadhyay et
al. 124
2013
Nano-scale calcium aluminate coated graphite for improved performance
of alumina based monolithic refractory composite
calcium aluminate
Nano-coating considerably improved
matrix-aggregate bonding. Less porous simulated matrix upgraded slag
resistance.
N. Farzadnia et
al. 125
2013
characterization of high strength mortars with nano alumina at
elevated temperatures
alumina
An increase in the relative elastic modulus, higher energy
absorption and lower permeability were also observed when 1% nano alumina was
added.
S. Dutta et
al. 126
2014
significant improvement of refractoriness of Al2O3–C
castables containing calcium aluminate nano-coatings on graphite
calcium aluminate
The sol–gel coating overcomes the pitfalls of including uncoated
graphite’s in castables and should be explored for commercial utilization.
S. Otroj et al. 128
2015
impact of Nano–Cr2 O3
addition on the properties of aluminouscements
containing spinel
chrome
The slag resistance of refractory castables containing prepared
cements is improved due to increasing of spinel and decreasing of C12A7
amount in the cement composition.
C. Gogtas et al. 132
2016
Effect of Nano-YSZ and Nano-ZrO2 additions on the
strength and toughness behavior of self-flowing alumina castables
YSZ
ZrO2
It is found that the addition of 3 wt% nano-ZrO2
improves the MOR of self-flowing castables (SFCs) by 20% and 50% matrix and
binding systems respectively. Also,
the effect of nano-YSZ in promoting toughness is significantly reduced
or eliminated due to the presence of high porosity and internal flaws in the
SFCs
Salman Ghasemi-Kahrizsangi et al
2017
The influence of
Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles addition on the microstructure
and properties of bauxite self–flowing low-cement castables
alumina
The used of Al2O3 nanoparticles let to
formation of the platy and needle crystalline phases such as hibonite (CaO·6Al2O3), CaO·2Al2O3,
and mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2)
inside the grain boundaries of the bauxite particles